No. 8754 of 2018 :: Supreme Court of India - Important judgement ......
IN
THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL
APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL
APPEAL NO. OF 2018
(Arising
out of Diary No. 8754 of 2018)
Union
of India & Ors. .... Appellants
Vs.
Pirthwi
Singh & Ors. .... Respondents
WITH
(IA
No. 52059 of 2018, IA No. 52058 of 2018, IA. No.52056 of 2018 and
IA
No. 52057 of 2018)
J
U D G M E N T
Madan
B. Lokur, J.
1.
Leave to appeal is granted.
2.
Delay condoned.
3.
The couldn’t-care-less and insouciant attitude of the Union of India
with
regard to litigation, particularly in the Supreme Court, has gone a
little
too far as this case illustrates.
4.
The Union of India had filed a batch of appeals which was
dismissed
by this Court by a judgment and order dated 8th December,
2017.
The decision is reported as Union of India v. Balbir Singh Turn.1
5.
After dismissal of the batch of appeals, the Union of India filed yet
another
appeal on the same subject being Civil Appeal No. (blank) of
2018
(Diary No. 4893 of 2018) entitled Union of India & Ors. v. Ex. Nk.
Balbir
Singh. That appeal came up for consideration before this Court
on
9th March, 2018 and was dismissed following the decision in Balbir
Singh
Turn. While dismissing the appeal, it was noted that it was filed
well
after several similar matters were dismissed by this Court. The
conduct
of the Union of India in filing Civil Appeals/Special Leave
Petitions
after the issue is concluded by this Court was not appreciated. It
was
noted that the Union of India must take full responsibility for
unnecessarily
adding to the burden of the justice delivery system.
6.
To ensure that the Union of India is far more circumspect, costs of
Rs.1,00,000/-
were imposed and it was observed that the Union of India
must
shape up its litigation policy. Unfortunately, the Union of India has
learnt
no lesson and has continued its non-cooperative attitude.
7.
The present appeal was filed on 8th March, 2018 which is also well
after
the decision in Balbir Singh Turn. We would have expected that
with
the dismissal of the appeal relating to Balbir Singh Turn and Ex.
1
2017 (14) SCALE 189
Nk.
Balbir Singh, the Union of India would take steps to withdraw this
appeal
from the Registry of this Court so that it is not even listed and
there
is no unnecessary burden on the judges. But obviously, the Union
of
India has no such concern and did not withdraw its appeal from the
Registry
itself.
8.
The Union of India must appreciate that by pursuing frivolous or
infructuous
cases, it is adding to the burden of this Court and collaterally
harming
other litigants by delaying hearing of their cases through the
sheer
volume of numbers. If the Union of India cares little for the justice
delivery
system, it should at least display some concern for litigants,
many
of whom have to spend a small fortune in litigating in the Supreme
Court.
9.
On 23rd June, 2010 the Union of India released the ‘National Legal
Mission
to Reduce Average Pendency Time from 15 Years to 3 Years’ and
this
document is called ‘National Litigation Policy’. The vision/mission
of
the National Litigation Policy is as follows:
“1.
The National Litigation Policy is based on the recognition that
Government
and its various agencies are the pre-dominant litigants
in
courts and Tribunals in the country. Its aim is to transform
Government
into an Efficient and Responsible litigant. This policy is
also
based on the recognition that it is the responsibility of the
Government
to protect the rights of citizens, to respect fundamental
rights
and those in charge of the conduct of Government litigation
should
never forget this basic principle.
“EFFICIENT
LITIGANT” MEANS
§ Focusing on the core
issues involved in the litigation and
addressing
them squarely.
§ Managing and
conducting litigation in a cohesive, coordinated
and
time-bound manner.
§ Ensuring that good
cases are won and bad cases are not
needlessly
persevered with.
§ A litigant who is
represented by competent and sensitive legal
persons:
competent in their skills and sensitive to the facts that
Government
is not an ordinary litigant and that a litigation does
not
have to be won at any cost.
“RESPONSIBLE
LITIGANT” MEANS
§ That litigation will
not be resorted to for the sake of litigating.
§ That false pleas and
technical points will not be taken and
shall
be discouraged.
§ Ensuring that the
correct facts and all relevant documents will
be
placed before the court.
§ That nothing will be
suppressed from the court and there will
be
no attempt to mislead any court or Tribunal.
2.
Government must cease to be a compulsive litigant. The
philosophy
that matters should be left to the courts for ultimate
decision
has to be discarded. The easy approach, “Let the court
decide,”
must be eschewed and condemned.
3.
The purpose underlying this policy is also to reduce Government
litigation
in courts so that valuable court time would be spent in
resolving
other pending cases so as to achieve the Goal in the
National
Legal Mission to reduce average pendency time from 15
years
to 3 years. Litigators on behalf of Government have to keep in
mind
the principles incorporated in the National mission for judicial
reforms
which includes identifying bottlenecks which the
Government
and its agencies may be concerned with and also
removing
unnecessary Government cases. Prioritisation in litigation
has
to be achieved with particular emphasis on welfare legislation,
social
reform, weaker sections and senior citizens and other
categories
requiring assistance must be given utmost priority.”
[Emphasis
supplied by us].
10.
None of the pious platitudes in the National Litigation Policy have
been
followed indicating not only the Union of India’s lack of concern for
the
justice delivery system but scant regard for its own National Litigation Policy.
11.
The website of the Department of Justice shows that the National
Litigation
Policy, 2010 is being reviewed and formulation of the National
Litigation
Policy, 2015 is under consideration. When this will be
finalized
is anybody’s guess. There is also an Action Plan to Reduce
Government
Litigation which was formulated on 13th June, 2017.
12.
Nothing has been finalised by the Union of India for the last almost
about
8 years and under the garb of ease of doing business, the judiciary
is
being asked to reform. The boot is really on the other leg.
13.
Interestingly, the Action Plan mentions, among others, two
interesting
steps to reduce pendency:
(i)
Avoid unnecessary filing of appeals –appeals should not be
filed
in routine matters – only in cases where there is a
substantial
policy matter.
(ii)
Vexatious litigation should be immediately withdrawn.
14.
These pendency reduction steps (particularly (ii) above) have been
conveniently
overlooked as far as this appeal is concerned.
15.
To make matters worse, in this appeal, the Union of India has
engaged
10 lawyers, including an Additional Solicitor General and a
Senior
Advocate! This is as per the appearance slip submitted to the
Registry
of this Court. In other words, the Union of India has created a
huge
financial liability by engaging so many lawyers for an appeal whose
fate
can be easily imagined on the basis of existing orders of dismissal in
similar
cases. Yet the Union of India is increasing its liability and asking
the
taxpayers to bear an avoidable financial burden for the misadventure.
Is
any thought being given to this?
16.
The real question is: When will the Rip Van Winkleism stop and
Union
of India wake up to its duties and responsibilities to the justice
delivery
system?
17.
To say the least, this is an extremely unfortunate situation of
unnecessary
and avoidable burdening of this Court through frivolous
litigation
which calls for yet another reminder through the imposition of
costs
on the Union of India while dismissing this appeal. We hope that
someday
some sense, if not better sense, will prevail on the Union of
India
with regard to the formulation of a realistic and meaningful
National
Litigation Policy and what it calls ‘ease of doing business’,
which
can, if faithfully implemented benefit litigants across the country.
18.
The appeal is dismissed with costs of Rs.1,00,000/- as before to be
deposited
with the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee within four
weeks
from today for utilization for juvenile justice issues. Pending I.As.
are
also disposed of.
19.
List for compliance after five weeks.
................................J
(
Madan B. Lokur )
................................J
(
Deepak Gupta
New
Delhi;
April
24, 2018
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